![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Chicago University Press, Chicago, pp 3–28Ĭavan RS, Burgess EW, Havighurst RJ et al (1949) Personal adjustment in old age. In: Burgess EW (ed) Aging in western societies. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, pp 179–192īurgess EW (1960) Aging in wester n culture. In: Rose AM (ed) Human behavior and social processes. Academic, San Diego, pp 3–28īlumer H (1962) Society as symbolic interaction. In: Birren JE (ed) Handbook of the psychology of aging, 5th edn. Springer Publishing Company, New Yorkīirren JE, Schroots JJF (2001) History of gero-psychology. īengtson VL, Silverstein M, Putney NM et al (2009)Handbook of theories of aging. Īvlund K, Lund R, Holstein BE et al (2004) Social relations as determinant of onset of disability in aging. Īsiamah N (2017) Social engagement and physical activity: commentary on why the activity and disengagement theories of ageing may both be valid. Īgahi N, Lennartsson C, Kåreholt I et al (2013) Trajectories of social activities from middle age to old age and late-life disability: a 36-year follow-up. Ageing SocĪgahi N, Parker MG (2008) Leisure activities and mortality: does gender matter? J Aging Health. In their quest to find life's meaning, older adults often have a vital need to share their reminisces with others who care, especially family.Adams KB, Leibbrandt S, Moon H (2011) A critical review of the literature on social and leisure activity and wellbeing in later life. Throughout the process, they look back to try to find the meaning and purpose that characterized their lives. The elderly may reminisce for hours on end, take trips to favorite childhood places, or muse over photo albums and scrapbooks. Individuals who led active lives as young and middle adults will probably remain active as older adults, while those who were less active may become more disengaged as they age.Īs older adults approach the end of their life span, they are more apt to conduct a life review. In other words, growing old means different things for different people. To date, research has not shown either of these models to be superior to the other. Proponents of activity theory hold that mutual social withdrawal runs counter to traditional American ideals of activity, energy, and industry. Activity theory, on the other hand, sees a positive correlation between keeping active and aging well. Proponents of disengagement theory hold that mutual social withdrawal benefits both individuals and society. Disengagement theory views aging as a process of mutual withdrawal in which older adults voluntarily slow down by retiring, as expected by society. Two major theories explain the psychosocial aspects of aging in older adults. No one makes it through life without wondering if another path may have been happier and more productive. However, even older adults who achieve a high degree of integrity may feel some despair at this stage as they contemplate their past. Those who succeed at this final task also develop wisdom, which includes accepting without major regrets the life that one has lived, as well as the inescapability of death. Sexual Identity, Orientation: Age 12–19Įrik Erikson, who took a special interest in this final stage of life, concluded that the primary psychosocial task of late adulthood (65 and beyond) is to maintain ego integrity (holding on to one's sense of wholeness), while avoiding despair (fearing there is too little time to begin a new life course).Physical, Cognitive Development: Age 12+.Physical, Cognitive Development: Age 7–11.Physical, Cognitive Development: Age 2–6.Physical, Cognitive Development: Age 0–2.Problems During Pregnancy and Childbirth.Introduction to Developmental Psychology. ![]()
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